Navigational safety assessment based on Markov-Model approach

Safety analysis of complex technical systems currently operating in the transport sector is an urgent challenge for the global maritime industry, which suffers from a lack of information about the levels of risk and the consequences of their incorrect assessment. Among the requirements for vessel management and operations the importance of having a highly professional crew and up-to-date navigational equipment. Navigational safety is one of the components of the integral concept of “safety” for a seagoing ship. Assessment of integral safety is based on assessments of the individual safety components. In this study, the focus is on “navigational safety”, which is primarily understood as ensuring safe operation of a vessel in specific navigation conditions, ensuring safe control and maneuvering of the vessel, ship position monitoring, heading control, sufficient depth margin under the keel along the route, taking into account its actual draft and subsidence in shallow water, and sea disturbance. In the offered research on the basis of the identified states of navigational safety, the graphic model of process and matrix of transition probabilities in the general form with use of homogeneous Markov model of change of navigational safety of a vessel, with discrete time and presence of absorbing state is formed. The proposed Markov process model can be used to assess vessel navigational safety when establishing possible states of navigational safety with significant probability to assess ship safety and make decisions to ensure safe vessel operation

Assessment of Potential Negative Impact of the System of Factors on the Ship\u27s Operational Condition During Transportation of Oversized and Heavy Cargoes

The potential risks to vessels and crew in merchant shipping stem from human error, vulnerability to environmental influences, failure of shipboard systems and equipment. In case of transportation of heavy and oversized cargo, the preceding list can be expanded to include potential hazards directly associated with the cargo. This study identified a system of potential negative events in the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo under the influence of multiple factors. Negative events are divided into two categories: those occurring during loading/unloading and those occurring during transportation. The consequences of these negative events for cargo and operational condition of the ship are also identified. Six basic options for the operational condition of the vessel in the transportation process of oversized and heavy cargo have been determined. The conceptual model of the combination of factors affecting the operational condition of the vessel during the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is formulated, and the chain of formation of the probability of negative events during the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is identified and mathematically described. A basic pattern of relationship between various negative events occurring during transportation of oversized and heavy cargoes and ship\u27s operational conditions is established. The obtained results allow the probability of possible negative events and change of ship\u27s condition due to such influences during the transportation of the cargo category concerned to be estimated in practice, taking into account the specifics of a particular port, vessel and shipping line

Assessment of Potential Negative Impact of the System of Factors on the Ship\u27s Operational Condition During Transportation of Oversized and Heavy Cargoes

The potential risks to vessels and crew in merchant shipping stem from human error, vulnerability to environmental influences, failure of shipboard systems and equipment. In case of transportation of heavy and oversized cargo, the preceding list can be expanded to include potential hazards directly associated with the cargo. This study identified a system of potential negative events in the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo under the influence of multiple factors. Negative events are divided into two categories: those occurring during loading/unloading and those occurring during transportation. The consequences of these negative events for cargo and operational condition of the ship are also identified. Six basic options for the operational condition of the vessel in the transportation process of oversized and heavy cargo have been determined. The conceptual model of the combination of factors affecting the operational condition of the vessel during the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is formulated, and the chain of formation of the probability of negative events during the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is identified and mathematically described. A basic pattern of relationship between various negative events occurring during transportation of oversized and heavy cargoes and ship\u27s operational conditions is established. The obtained results allow the probability of possible negative events and change of ship\u27s condition due to such influences during the transportation of the cargo category concerned to be estimated in practice, taking into account the specifics of a particular port, vessel and shipping line

Assessment of information protection level against unauthorized access

The object of research. The study considers an effective method of assessing the information protection level in a computer network against unauthorized access based on the security graph. Investigated problem. Existing approaches to assessing the information protection level against unauthorized access have certain shortcomings: the real structure of computer networks is not taken into account, losses from unauthorized access are estimated in a monetary unit, which may not always be appropriate, the variability of modern cyber-attack scenarios and dynamic characteristics are not fully taken into account . The main scientific results. The results of the study showed that the proposed method of assessing the information protection level against unauthorized access in computer networks based on the security graph allows for a more accurate description of information resources due to their characteristic vulnerabilities. Based on the calculations of the security indicators of individual resources and the security of all information in the computer network, the ranking of risks and, accordingly, information resources according to the degree of criticality for the organization's activities is carried out. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the necessary information protection level against unauthorized access in the computer network. The area of practical use of research results. The results of the research can be used in practice in corporate computer networks of any organizations, since the proposed method for assessing the information protection level against unauthorized access is easily adapted to the specific needs of the organization, taking into account the specifics of its activities and business. Innovative technological product. The results of the study created an innovative strategy for assessing the information protection level against unauthorized access, which increases the control of information security and the compliance of computer networks with existing eligibility criteria. Scope of the innovative technological product. The results of the research and the created innovative strategies relate to the information security of computer networks of any organizations

Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffuse Weighted Imaging and Computed Tomography with Intravenous Contrast in Staging of Disseminated Ovarian, Stomach, Colorectal Cancer

The aim of the research. Development and implementation of new methods for pre-operative staging of advanced ovarian, gastric and colorectal cancer to improve patient selection for cytoreductive surgery and increase its radicality.Materials and methods. Data from 120 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, 28 with advanced gastric cancer and 119 with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed. Preoperative detection of the incidence of peritoneal carcinoma and the possibility of surgery in radical or cytoreductive volume performed by CT with intravenous contrast (72 patients with ovarian cancer, 17 patients with gastric cancer, and 69 patients with colorectal cancer), and MR T1 and T2, contrast-enhanced T1, and diffuse-weighted sequences (48 patients with ovarian cancer, 11 patients with gastric cancer, and 50 patients with colorectal cancer). Subsequently, preoperative and intraoperative assessment of the prevalence of the tumour process with peritoneal carcinoma index (PCI) by Sugarbaker was performed.Results. A statistically significant increase in the informativeness of the preoperative assessment of the incidence of tumour process in peritoneum and the presence of distant metastases using DWI / MRI compared with CT with intravenous contrast was determined. Patients from all groups were categorized according to the completeness index of cytoreduction achieved by preoperative staging and patient selection using DWI / MRI and CT. The use of DWI / MRI allowed to significantly reduce the number of suboptimal and non-optimal cytoreductive interventions.Conclusions. DWI / MRI has made it possible to significantly improve the preoperative incidence of advanced ovarian, gastric, and colorectal cancer compared to CT, predict the radicality of future surgery, and detect inoperable cases

Integral Approach to Vulnerability Assessment of Ship’s Critical Equipment and Systems

The digital transformation of the maritime industry is almost a fait accompli. Merchant ships today use computing and cyber-dependent technologies for navigation, communications, cargo operations, environmental monitoring, and many other purposes. Nowadays, entire industries and businesses are becoming increasingly dependent on data arrays, and the maritime sector is fully experiencing this transformation. A modern commercial ship is unthinkable without digital technology, and the reasons for the deep digitalization of the fleet are numerous. Emergency systems such as safety monitoring, fire detection and alarms are increasingly reliant on cyber technology. Therefore, cybersecurity is a critical component of ship and shipping safety, and cyber-attacks on maritime transport are a very likely problem. These risks will only increase with the further development of information technology. This article proposes approaches to identifying cyber threats as well as a probabilistic assessment of ship cybersecurity, which is based on an integral approach to assessing the vulnerability of shipboard critical equipment and systems. Estimated probabilities of target and non-target cybersecurity breaches of the ship, as well as their overall probability, which allows considering all chains of events leading to a certain consequence associated with potential losses. The model of probability assessment of ship cybersecurity violation and its consequences, which allows evaluation of possible losses as a result of these events, is presented and mathematically described

DEVELOPMENT MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF SHIPS AND REDUCE OPERATIONAL POLLUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Reduction of ecological risks of shipping is a challenging task that requires methods of legislative and regulatory control, organizational measures, and technical and technological support. Furthermore, the matter concerns not only the reduction of possible risks but also the level of existing impact on the marine environment because of exhaust gas emissions by ships, discharge of waste and ballast water, as well as control of ecological consequences of accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyse possible sources of environmental impact during ship operation cycles, identify significant risks, review existing potentials to reduce the risk of ship accidents and their environmental consequences, and develop solutions to existing problems. This study offers results, which can serve as the initial basis for the formation of comprehensive measures on the reduction of environmental risks, and consequences of possible accidents for the environment caused by ships and international shipping

METHODICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING FINANCIAL AND CREDIT INSTITUTIONS’ ECONOMIC SECURITY LEVEL

Ensuring the economic security of the functioning of all economic entities is one of the main tasks, the solution of which makes it possible to preserve national sovereignty. Since February 24, 2022, the domestic economy has been suffering from russia's brutal, open and large-scale military aggression and is in a state of constant turbulence. That, in turn, causes increased attention to security issues at all levels of the economy in the face of global, geopolitical, and domestic economic threats. That is why this study aims to develop a methodical approach to assessing the level of economic security of financial and credit institutions. Scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of "economic security of financial and credit institutions" are analyzed and the author's vision of the concept through the prism of development is proposed. The existing methodical approaches of domestic scientists to the assessment of the level of economic security of financial and credit institutions were studied. A methodology for assessing the level of economic security of financial and credit institutions based on the scoring approach has been developed. Quantitative and qualitative components of economic security are highlighted, which are proposed to be analyzed in the study of economic security. It is proposed to use the Harrington scale to determine the level of economic security of financial and credit institutions. Approbation of the proposed methodology was carried out on the assessment of the activities of five banking institutions. According to the analysis obtained, the relevance of the proposed methodology for assessing the level of economic security of financial and credit institutions has been proven

Application of fuzzy controllers in automatic ship motion control systems

Automatic ship heading control is a part of the automatic navigation system. It is charged with the task of maintaining the actual ship’s course angle or actual ship’s course without human intervention in accordance with the set course or setting parameter and maintaining this condition under the effect of disturbing influences. Thus, the corrective influence on deviations from a course can be rendered by the position of a rudder or controlling influence that leads to the rotary movement of a vessel around a vertical axis that represents a problem, which can be solved with the use of fuzzy logic. In this paper, we propose to consider the estimation of the efficiency of fuzzy controllers in systems of automatic control of ship movement, obtained by analysis of a method of the formalized record of a logic conclusion and structure of the fuzzy controller. The realization of this allows to carry out effective stabilization of a course angle of a vessel taking into account existing restrictions

Methodological Principles for Assessing Socio-Economic Security of a Region

Socio-economic development of a region is possible under several conditions, one of which at present is socio-economic security of a region. Its provision implies the availability of assessments, the reliability of which directly depends on the quality of the methodological principles of assessment. The proposed methodological principles for assessing socio-economic security of a region proceed from the provisions of the conceptual and defensive approaches to determining its status and nature, the functional and indicator approaches to its assessment. The sequence of operations and actions on the assessment is combined in the presented algorithm. The content of the stages of the developed algorithm is disclosed. According to the algorithm, both the integral assessment of socio-economic security of a region as a whole and its intermediate assessments are calculated for each of its components. The basis of the methodological principles for assessing socio-economic security of a region is a set of indicators, which include indicators of not only objective but also of subjective nature, which is why at the information stage of the assessment algorithm attention is paid to the results of monitoring public opinion in the region. Indicators for assessing socio-economic security of a region are selected using the principles of inheritance, reliability, measurability, consistency and are distributed by its individual components. An important characteristic of the selected indicators is that they allow for carrying out analysis in time and measuring regional differentiation. A sequence of formalizing the calculations of the integral indicator of the socio-economic security of a region is provided. The proposed methodological principles for assessing socio-economic security of a region can be used in practice